Decreased fractal correlation in diurnal physical activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Source: Ohashi K, Bleijenberg G, van der Werf S, Prins J, Amaral LA, Natelson BH, Yamamoto Y. Such a difference was identified neither by the DFA nor WTMM method.ĬONCLUSIONS: CFS patients had more abrupt interruptions of voluntary physical activity during diurnal periods in normal daily life, probed by the decreased correlation in the negative modulus maxima of the wavelet-transformed activity data, possibly due to their exaggerated fatigue. The WTNMM method revealed that, in diurnal activities, CFS patients had significantly (p < 0.01) smaller fractal scaling exponent (0.87 +/- 0.03) compared to controls (1.01 +/- 0.03). No group difference was found in nocturnal activities. RESULTS: Both for CFS and CON, we found the fractal time structures in their diurnal physical activity records for at least up to 35 minutes. We compared the fractal scaling exponents for CFS and CON by each method. Thus, we further developed a new method, the wavelet transform negative modulus maxima (WTNMM) method, which could evaluate the temporal correlation at the interruption of activities. We hypothesized that, due to their illness- and/or fatigue-induced resting episodes, altered physical activity patterns in CFS patients might be observed at the interruption of activity bursts. They turn up in food and germs, plants and animals, mountains and water and sky. Free Stock Videos of Fractal, Stock Footage in 4K and Full HD VistaCreate Unlimited Videos Fractal Stock videos of Fractal Find the right royalty-free footage and animations with Fractal for commercial use. METHODS: Fractal scaling exponents of diurnal and nocturnal physical activity time series in 10 CFS patients and 6 healthy control subjects (CON) were calculated by the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. Fractals are purely a wonder too irregular for Euclidean geometry iterative and recursive and seemingly infinite. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to study the temporal correlation of physical activity time series in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) during normal daily life and to examine if it could identify the altered physical activity in these patients.
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